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Ecstasy
The following
Information is from
http://www.dare.com/home/DrugInformation/Story29bc.asp?N=DrugInformation&M=11&S=19
Ecstasy is the best known of the designer
drugs, because of its name and low price. Known on the street as Ecstasy,
XTC, E, or Clarity. On the street, rave-goers have labeled Ecstasy "the love
drug." News reports have documented it as a killer.
Basically, it is a cross between an amphetamine and a hallucinogen and is
taken in pill form. As a stimulant, it unleashes energy and is commonly used
to help kids stay awake at a rave. Users also experience surreal, visual
distortions.
Brain damage is only one potential problem. Ecstasy or MDMA decreases the
body's ability to regulate temperature. Kids are taking Ecstasy at raves and
ending up with heat stroke.
Often kids at these drug fests get so revved up, they unwittingly mix
different drugs. Youngsters who take Ecstasy or any illicit drug given away
or peddled at giant gatherings take an immense health risk. “You never know
what’s going to be in it, “ says the Drug Enforcement Administration’s
expert on designer drugs. “We’ve seen Ecstasy pills that are only Excedrin
and others that are pure amphetamine.”
Ecstasy has a long list of known and suspected negative effects on abusers.
It pumps up the heart rate and blood pressure, so users may become
hyperactive. It can produce blurred vision, fainting, chills, sweating,
muscle tension, and disorientation due to such effects as panic, anxiety,
depression, and paranoid thinking.
For more information go to:
http://www.streetdrugs.org
The following
Information is from
http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/ecstasy.html
MDMA (3-4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a synthetic, psychoactive drug
chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen
mescaline. Street names for MDMA include Ecstasy, Adam, XTC, hug, beans, and
love drug. In 2003, an estimated 470,000 people in the U.S. age 12 and older
used MDMA in the past 30 days, a significant decrease from 2002*
Research in animals indicates that MDMA is neurotoxic; whether or not this
is also true in humans is currently an area of intense investigation. MDMA can
also be dangerous to health and, on rare occasions, lethal.
MDMA exerts its primary effects in the brain on neurons that use the chemical
serotonin to communicate with other neurons. The serotonin system plays an
important role in regulating mood, aggression, sexual activity, sleep, and
sensitivity to pain.
Health Hazards
Cognitive Effects
Chronic users of MDMA perform more poorly than nonusers on certain types
of cognitive or memory tasks. Some of these effects may be due to the use of
other drugs in combination with MDMA, among other factors.
Physical Effects
In high doses, MDMA can interfere with the body's ability to regulate
temperature. This can lead to a sharp increase in body temperature
(hyperthermia), resulting in liver, kidney, and cardiovascular system failure.
Because MDMA can interfere with its own metabolism (breakdown within the body),
potentially harmful levels can be reached by repeated drug use within short
intervals.
Users of MDMA face many of the same risks as users of other stimulants such as
cocaine and amphetamines. These include increases in heart rate and blood
pressure, a special risk for people with circulatory problems or heart disease,
and other symptoms such as muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea,
blurred vision, faintness, and chills or sweating.
Psychological Effects
These can include confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug craving,
and severe anxiety. These problems can occur during and sometimes days or weeks
after taking MDMA.
Neurotoxicity
Research in animals links MDMA exposure to long-term damage to neurons
that are involved in mood, thinking, and judgment. A study in nonhuman primates
showed that exposure to MDMA for only 4 days caused damage to serotonin nerve
terminals that was evident 6 to 7 years later. While similar neurotoxicity has
not been definitively shown in humans, the wealth of animal research indicating
MDMA's damaging properties suggests that MDMA is not a safe drug for human
consumption.
Hidden Risk: Drug Purity
Other drugs chemically similar to MDMA, such as MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine,
the parent drug of MDMA) and PMA (paramethoxyamphetamine, associated with
fatalities in the U.S. and Australia) are sometimes sold as ecstasy. These drugs
can be neurotoxic or create additional health risks to the user. Also, ecstasy
tablets may contain other substances in addition to MDMA, such as ephedrine (a
stimulant); dextromethorphan (DXM, a cough suppressant that has PCP-like effects
at high doses); ketamine (an anesthetic used mostly by veterinarians that also
has PCP-like effects); caffeine; cocaine; and methamphetamine. While the
combination of MDMA with one or more of these drugs may be inherently dangerous,
users might also combine them with substances such as marijuana and alcohol,
putting themselves at further physical risk.
Extent of Use
Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG)**
CEWG members monitor drug use data sources for 21 metropolitan areas
nationwide. In many of these areas monitored by CEWG members, MDMA, once used
primarily at dance clubs, raves, and college scenes, is being used in a number
of other social settings. In addition, some members reported increased use of
MDMA among African-American and Hispanic populations.
The number of MDMA emergency department (ED) mentions decreased in nine CEWG
areas from 2001 to 2002, with a significant increase reported only in New
Orleans. The highest numbers of MDMA ED mentions in the 2002 period were in
Philadelphia, Los Angeles, New York, Miami, San Francisco, Atlanta, Boston, and
Detroit.
2004 Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey ***
Tenth-graders showed significant changes in MDMA use and related
attitudes from 2003 to 2004. They reported an increase (+3.0 percent) in
perceived harmfulness of occasional MDMA use, and lifetime**** use
decreased, from 5.4 percent to 4.3 percent. In addition, both 10th- and
12th-graders reported significant increases in their disapproval of trying MDMA
once or twice over the same period.
For more information, please visit
www.ClubDrugs.org
and
www.Teens.drugabuse.gov.
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